Probiotics are a type of active microorganisms that are beneficial to the host by colonizing in the human body and changing the composition of the flora in a certain part of the host. By regulating the immune function of the host mucosa and system or by regulating the balance of intestinal flora, it promotes nutrient absorption and maintains intestinal health, thereby producing single microorganisms or mixed microorganisms with a clear composition that are beneficial to health.
Beneficial bacteria or fungi in humans and animals mainly include yeast, probiotic spores, Clostridium butyricum, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, actinomycetes, etc.
1. Yeast: Currently, studies have found that yeast has good probiotic properties such as regulating intestinal balance, promoting feed conversion, and improving the immune function of the body. It is mostly used as a feed additive for livestock and poultry breeding. Yeasts that have been studied more include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torula delbes, Candida, Wickhams, Pichia, boulardii, Torulopsis, and Saccharomyces Genus Rhodotorula, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Saccharomyces baumannii.
2. Probiotic Bacillus: It is a kind of aerobic or facultative anaerobic, spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria with beneficial properties to the body, and it is a Gram-positive bacterium.
3. Clostridium butyricum: also known as Clostridium butyricum, is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus isolated from the intestinal tract of healthy humans and animals. Current studies have found that Clostridium butyricum has good probiotic properties such as maintaining the balance of intestinal flora, enhancing the body's immune function, generating nutrients, and preventing enteritis.
4. Lactic acid bacteria: Lactic acid bacteria refers to the general term for a class of non-spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria whose main product is lactic acid. Lactic acid bacteria, the most common probiotic, have been widely used and considered safe for humans and animals.
5. Bifidobacterium: It is a physiological bacterium that exists in the human body. It is the most worthy of attention and research among the beneficial bacteria for the human body. It is inseparable from the health of the human body.
1. Can tolerate gastric acid and bile salts.
2. Adhesion to host intestinal epithelial cells.
3. Can remove or reduce the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria.
4. Can inhibit pathogenic bacteria.
5. Safe and non-pathogenic.
1. Promote digestion and absorption of nutrients
Probiotics can synthesize digestive enzymes. Together with the digestive enzymes synthesized by animals, they participate in the digestion of nutrients in the intestine, stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes in animals, reduce the depth of small intestinal crypts, increase the height of villi, increase the surface area of small intestine, and promote Intestinal absorption of nutrients.
2. Improve the body's immunity
The self-structure of probiotics such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid and other components can be used as antigens to directly play an immune activation role, or stimulate the host immune system through autocrine immune activators, thereby improving the immunity of animals and enhancing the body's innate immune cells and natural killer cells, activate dendritic cells, stimulate the body to produce cytokines, and stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies. Probiotics can stimulate the intestinal tract to produce secretory globulin A (SIgA) to protect the body's health.
3. Maintain the balance of intestinal flora structure
The gut is not only a normal part of the body, but also participates in important physiological activities of the body. At the same time, there are also complex intestinal flora in the gut, which play important functions on the growth, development and health of the host.
4. Improve meat quality
Probiotics can increase muscle brightness by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and delaying the formation of methemoglobin. Probiotics can also affect fatty acid metabolism and improve muscle tenderness.
5. Improve the body's antioxidant level
Oxidants in the body, such as oxygen free radicals and hydroxyl radicals, contain unpaired electrons and are prone to redox reactions. When there are too many oxides in the body, it will cause oxidative damage to the body. There is an antioxidant system in the body, which constantly removes the oxides synthesized by the body and maintains the dynamic balance of the oxides.
6. Suppresses Intestinal Inflammation
Probiotics can reduce the body's inflammatory response.
Protect intestinal mucosal barrier
Probiotics can reduce intestinal mucosal permeability, thereby protecting the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier [8] .
7. Breeding water quality regulation
Probiotics participate in various circulatory processes in the water body. Through their own metabolism, they consume organic matter in the water and reduce the concentration of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the water body, thereby achieving the effect of improving and maintaining good water quality
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